Applying Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms to Solve the Traveling Salesman Problem. Applying Ant Colony Optimization algorithms to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem. Application main dialog. Table of Contents. Introduction. I was always interested in Artificial Intelligence problems. The article was about solutions of a Traveling Salesman. Problem. While I was reading the article and its code, it occured to me that a math. Out of pure. curiosity, I decided to rewrite the code using the Boost Graph Library. Simulated annealing (SA) is a probabilistic technique for approximating the global optimum of a given function. Specifically, it is a metaheuristic to approximate. CLP: the COIN LP code, simplex (C++) PyCOIN: Python interface to CLP (maybe more COIN solvers) QSopt: Simplex based; executables, library for Windows/Unix, free for. In the. process of writing code, I learned about other Artificial Ant. I decided to add them to the code. I wanted to look deeper into the. I added several statistics to calculate. I added means. to present these statistics as graphic charts. I also added means to view and peruse. I added. serialization of configurations and trip results into XML files, and. I added the routines to print graph snapshots as tables, and. In the end, I had an application with. The application has an open- end architecture. You can very. easily add new algorithms and statistics to the application not changing most of the. The AI aficionados will find there possibilities to play with. Mathematical analysis of Particle Swarm Optimization. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, involved in the research, design, and application of intelligent computer. Traditional methods for. Early studies of swarm behaviour employed mathematical models to simulate and understand the behaviour. The simplest mathematical models of animal swarms generally. I have already written about approximations of e^x, log(x) and pow(a, b) in my post Optimized Exponential Functions for Java. Journal Papers on Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization. Coello Coello [email protected] CINVESTAV-IPN Departamento de Computaci Evolutionary Computer-Automated Design (CAutoD) and Virtual Prototyping for Industry 4.0. To run GA / EA Demo in a Java window, click here or on the. Artificial Ant Colony Optimization and their parameters. They. will be able to look at every step of the proceedings. The algorithms implemented are: Ant System. Elitist Ant System. Ranked Ant System. Best- Worst Ant System. Min- Max Ant System. Ant Colony. These algorithms are discussed below. I hope that people not interested in AI at all will still. It might be: Use of the object factory design patterns. Use of Type. List templates for registration of objects with. C++ lambda expressions in STL algorithms. Thread synchronization with events. Customization of the MFC CPrint. Dialog class. Implementation of a rather complicated user interfaceand other things. Anyway, I wish you good reading. Acknowledgements. Definitions. of Ant Colony Optimization algorithms can be found in the book Ant. Colony Optimization by Marco Dorigo and Thomas St. Most of the content. Google Preview on the book's web page. Also very. Colony Optimization for Tree and Hypertree Decompositions, Master Thesis by. Thomas Hammerl of Vienna. I also used ACOTSP. Software by Thomas St. This software. is written in C under Unix OS. I used it as a reference to Ant Colony. Optimization algorithms. I want to thank Igor Tandetnik for his very useful. MSDN Developers Forums. Preliminaries. To compile and link the code I. MS Visual Studio 2. Ultimate Update 3. Because I used my Chart. Ctrl. Lib. library in the code the project requests an addition of the preprocessor. The debug and release. Debug and Release folders of the. All code can be compiled. MS Visual Studio 2. VS 2. 01. 2 solution. The source. code should not be changed. In this application, I used the. MFC library Chart. Ctrl. Lib. lib, and the proprietary slider control. CSlider. Gdi. Ctrl. T. You can get detailed information on the library from my. MFC Chart Control with Enhanced User Interface. Slider. Gdi. Ctrl. Yet Another Slider Control - Accepts (Almost) All POD Types and Uses. GDI+. Headers for both controls and the compiled library are included in. The part of information about the use of Type. Lists. is in my article Object. Factory Design Pattern: Register Creator Functions Using Type. Lists and Template. Metaprogramming. Code for the static library and for the slider seamlessly compile under Visual Studio 2. You will need the Boost Graph. Library. You can download it from Boost site or use Boost. Pro. 1. 5. 1. 0. 0 Installer. All. custom controls are built with GDI+. You will. need all this information if you are adding your own algorithms to this. The Traveling Salesman Problem. The quote from the . Beginning from this city, the ant chooses the next city according. After visiting all customer cities exactly once, the ant. The ants might travel concurrently or in sequence. The amount of pheromone. The deposited pheromone suffer from evaporation. The algorithms use different rules for selection of. A nightmare of each optimization algorithm is to be stuck forever. Different techniques to escape such loops were developed for. Ant Colony Optimization algorithms. This application implements six known algorithms so far: Ant System. Elitist Ant System. Ranked Ant System. Best- Worst Ant System. Min- Max Ant System. Ant Colony. Each algorithm might be run with mutation and/or restart. I did not invent any of these algorithms. I used sources I. Acknowledgments section of this article with minor. Symbols in the algorithm equations below are the same as they are in. Acknowledgments. Ant System. The Ant System Optimization algorithm is the first algorithm. Marco Dorigo. Construct solutions. Initially every path between cities. Each ant starts from a randomly. From the last visited city the ant returns to the start. The ant in city i selects. Here. The ant compares for. It means that the ant does not. There always is a very, very tiny. For the given city i I still generate a random. Actually, this modification makes. At the end of the test, the. The ants travel concurrently. It. means that there is no pheromone correction until all ants return to their. Pheromone Update. The ants update pheromones on paths. In this application, Q is a. In this application, we employ only ten ants. Evaporation. After all ants complete their nth. Here is. the evaporation factor. There is a question of when to apply. Evaporation. before updates is, essentially, increase of updating pheromones. In literature, some authors apply a (1 - . I found that evaporation after. Elitist Ant Algorithm. The solution construction and evaporation are as defined by. Ant System Algorithm. The pheromone update is a little bit different: on each iteration. Here if. the path ij is from Tbs. Tbs is the best to date round trip, e is an algorithm's. It was reported, that the best value for e is between four. Note that this algorithm keeps depositing an additional. The best to date and. Q is a constant, Lr is the length of the rth. Again, the best results are at. Elitist Ant Algorithm parameter for the best to date ant. Best- Worst Ant Algorithm. I used. of Best- Worst Ant System. The solution construction is defined by (1), and evaporation. Only the best to date ant updates pheromones: Here if. Tbs is the best to date round trip, Cbs - . In addition, the paths of the round trip of the worst ant. Here . You. can add them to any algorithm. Min- Max Ant System. The solution construction is according to the equation (1). There are variants in the selection of the ants allowed to. There are min and max pheromone limits to the quantity of. It. is believed that prevents local loops. So, evaporation is: The update is: Here if. Tselis a selected ant's round trip, Csel - is the length of the trip. Some authors initiate pheromones to . Ant Colony System. After an ant moves from one city to the next, the. The solution. construction is also different. Solution Construction. The algorithm has a parameter. On. each step, the algorithm generates a random number. It waits until all other ants. In this process, the n + 1 ant waits for the update by the ant n, ant and so on. Evaporation and pheromone update. After all ants have completed iteration, pheromone update and global evaporation are. In Ant Colony. Optimization for Tree and Hypertree Decompositions only the best to date. Evaporation also is allowed only on paths. In this application, you have a. The application uses equations (3). The equations are applied to paths. Pheromone Reset (Restart)If ants are stuck in some local loop, there is an option to. This option might be. The selection threshold is. Still, the previous history is. The new best to date trip updates the best after reset value; if. In (1. 2)Essentially, the reset occurs when the best to date and the. The user can select the action after reset: finish the run or. If the run is to continue, the count of consecutive events resumes. Mutation. A mutation of the pheromones on ant paths is used to prevent. It is explained in the. The rule to evaporate or increase pheromones. The number of paths in is. The user sets a period (interval) between mutations. In. addition, the user can set a number of resets to delay the start of the mutation. For example, if the number of resets is set to three and the period of. After 3. 0th iteration, it will execute the mutation. After. that, the application will wait for another three resets to repeat the count. If the number of resets is set to zero, the mutations will be executed. Pay attention to the fact that the degree of the pheromone. Travel Statistics. You can gather these statistics: Best for iteration and best to date trip length values at each. ON)Worst for iteration and worst to date trip length values at each. Average over ants travel length and its standard deviation at. Distance - average and standard deviation of number of paths. Average and standard deviation of the branch factor - number of. Distribution of the ants start cities. Best after reset value of round trip for each iteration. The average and standard deviation of some random variable . Paths unique for the ant trip are counted. After that, average and. This. statistics is a measure of the quality of the trip: the low distance means that. But how will you count the unique. The symmetrical graph has path A- > B equal to. B- > A. We decided that direction does not matter: if the best to. Pay attention to. Travel Statistics: Branch Factor. Let us assume we have n. Then each city has n- 1 adjacent cities to. Each of the paths to the cities has some quantity of. For each city, Branch Factor. Statistics calculates the number of paths to adjacent cities where the quantity of. The less the count, the more. The branch threshold is calculated. Note that the branch factor takes into account all adjacent edges, no matter. Presentation of statistics. All statistics except the start. The start cities are rendered as a bar. The first two charts, the best for. The user might invoke a separate window to.
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Clarivate Analytics - Web Of Science. Intelligent results, brilliant connections. The Web of Science platform is the search and discovery choice for 7,0. This content is truly multidisciplinary and global in nature, originating from 8. Glossary of Thomson Scientific terminology - Thomson Reuters. This glossary provides definitions for patent and scientific terms or concepts used by Thomson Scientific in our products and literature. As we’ve previously announced, the Delphion and Aureka platforms have been retired. Our highest priority is delivering the most comprehensive patent information in the quickest and most efficient way possible. That’s why we made the important decision to retire. The Web of Science platform is the search and discovery choice for 7,000+ academic and research institutions, national governments, funding organizations, and publishing organizations in 100+ countries worldwide. Find cover-to-cover indexing of the world’s most important research covering. Advertising Programmes Business Solutions +Google About Google Google.com. This tool allows for side-by-side comparison of the patent search systems that have been reviewed by the Intellogist team. To accurately interpret the table, review the category definitions provided in the Quick Table help topic. Also, be aware that the Quick Tables. Continuing the Machine Learning in Patent Analytics series, the next method to be covered is Spatial Concept Maps. This is one of the most popular machine learning tasks associated with patent analytics, and was pioneered by the use of the ThemeScape The official website of the European Patent Office (EPO). Find information on applying and searching for patents, legal issues on patents, patent grants, rules and regulations about European and international patent applications. Explore engineering careers and. 1 United States Patent and Trademark Office Nanotechnology-Related Issues at the United States Patent and Trademark Office Bruce Kisliuk, USPTO Assistant Deputy Commissioner for Patent Operations 571-272-0700 [email protected] Nanotechnology. I accept that if, for some reason, everybody tomorrow (governments included) accepted Bitcoin as money, it would become money. But, I wish here to show how the Bitcoin does not fail to be money due to certain reasons that are often claimed against it, but does fail to be money in one, very crucial, aspect. Why bother showing how some arguments against Bitcoin fail? Free unlimited photo storage for Prime members. Qualified and Experienced Help. There are many companies today which offer assistance with essay writing. However, it doesn’t mean that you’ll be satisfied with the result of your “write my essay online for cheap. The reason is that people are likely to believe that, if the arguments they are aware of that prove Bitcoin isn't real money fail, then it follows that Bitcoin is money. This does not follow logically: indeed, salesmen and, for that matter, scam artists (one legitimately, the other not) are experts at overcoming one's natural objections by having . But that only means the answer to the would- be buyer's most common objections. Just because those objections fail does not mean there aren't other serious reasons to suspect Bitcoin. Nothing I write here is the economic equivalent of rocket science. But this, if anything, is all the more reason to write it: the more obvious the problem and the more people ignore it, the more urgent is to show what is going on.
Let us, then, start with some obvious objections that are not, in themselves, crucial - - in the sense that, while true, real money has the same issues. Bitcoin is private currency. It is - - in the sense that it is not backed or issued by any government. This is important (as we shall see later), but, historically, most money was privately printed. Indeed, until the 1. Bitcoin is fiat currency. That is, there is no way to limit the amount of money printed. But this is true for government- backed currency as well. The US dollar or the Euro, indeed all modern currencies, are not backed by gold or anything else. In theory the US could print as much money as it wishes. So why should Bitcoin, whose big selling point is that it is limited in quantity, in practice at least, be less money than the US dollar? If anything, it seems it should be more valuable than government- backed fiat money. People speculate with Bitcoin, and its value can therefore fluctuate wildly. Why did Bitcoin's value skyrocket recently and then fall? Because, for psychological reasons, people began to believe its value would increase, increasing demand for it, and creating a self- fulfilling prophecy. Once people began to suspect Bitcoin is overvalued, they stopped buying and started selling - - creating another self- fulfilling prophecy. Yet this, while true, is not in itself evidence that Bitcoin is illegitimate any more than the existence of bubbles in everything from tulips to internet startups is evidence, in itself, that the underlying commodity is worthless, and the bubble a pyramid scheme. But that in itself is not evidence Bitcoin is a scam. Bitcoin is electronic money, and does not exist physically. This certainly be a problem in the sense that it may well be difficult to, say, stop people from counterfeiting it, but in fact most transactions with real money today do not involve the physical transfers of federal notes, let alone of gold coins. It is, in theory, possible to replace all paper money - - or gold coins for that matter - - with electronic equivalents. The real problem is different: no government accepts Bitcoin as legal tender for the payment of debts, and in particular, of taxes. It is therefore not legal tender. In the USA, people must accept the US dollar as payment, and the government must accept it as payment of taxes. This is not so with Bitcoin. You must convert your Bitcoins to dollars before you can use them to pay any debt to the government. You might be able to find someone to sell your Bitcoins to for dollars, or who will accept goods for Bitcoins which you can then sell for US dollars, but that is no different than anything else: it is not illegal for a private individual to accept anything whatever, including monopoly money, as payment. Indeed, James Boggs paints his own . But he can do it because people are willing to do it, considering his art collectibles, not because they have any legal duty to accept his bills. Same with gold, in the . It was not merely the fact that gold was rare that made it money, that is, legal tender (as opposed to making it valuable). It was that the government had to accept it (or at least its own gold and silver coins) as a payment of taxes. Similarly, to simplify, the original bank notes were notes the bank had to accept, legally, for gold or silver in the amount written on the note (which, to simplify, had then to be legally accepted by the government). So Bitcoin is simply not money if by money we mean 'legal tender'. This does not mean - - in itself - - that it cannot be used for exchange, or is valueless. By definition almost everything that is valuable is not legal tender: corporate bonds, real estate, livestock, and so on. The government is not required to accept cows and oxen as payment - - livestock is not legal tender - - but this does hardly means that such commodities are not valuable: indeed, the term pecuniary comes from the latin pecus, cattle, and the Bible speaks of Abraham of being rich with cattle and livestock, despite the fact that he lived (if he existed in reality) about a thousand years before the invention of coined money. But here, alas, is Bitcoin's second problem: if something is not legal tender, in order to be valuable, it should have some intrinsic value - - like livestock or bonds. If something is neither legal tender that the government must accept, nor has intrinsic value, the only reason to exchange Bitcoin for legal tender or for goods with intrinsic value is the view that somebody else will want to do so in the future with our Bitcoins. They may - - or they may not. But they, too, would do so only if they think that someone in the future would be willing to do so with their Bitcoins. Bitcoin has, by definition of being . Let us say only that things are, of course, not as simple as that. How money, a medium of exchange with no intrinsic value, actually becomes a . If nothing else, this can be seen by the fact that governments certainly can, and often did, make their legal tender practically valueless with hyperinflation. All I am claiming here is the opposite: that if something is not legal tender, it by golly better be intrinsically valuable if it is to be used as a store of value. It is not different, in this respect, than (for example) Pokemon or Magic: the Gathering cards. Some people will pay a lot of money for such cards, or for rare tulips for that matter, but.. The argument between. Bbq Invitations & Bbq Invites Colorful Shishkabob Bbq Party Invitation. 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Roles and Responsibilities of Speech-Language Pathologists With Respect to Reading and Writing in Children and Adolescents Ad Hoc Committee on Reading and Written Language Disorders. Pre-Writing Activities with Squishy Bags is a great way to target writing skills without using paper and pencils. It is providing a fun and exciting way to. Please join me in welcoming Patty to Minds in Bloom today. Patty is sharing a tradition her school does: Transportation Day for kindergarteners. Read on to learn more about how Transportation Day works at her school and get. The sun-drenched common room at the south end of Columbia Garden Village retirement home in Invermere, B.C., is quiet most days. The shuffle of slippers on linoleum, the clink of a coffee mug in the sink, or the click of. The Reading & Writing Project. The Reading and Writing Project. John Dewey, one of the founders of Teachers College, wrote: . That is, our aims reach beyond state testing and fulfillment of tasks for schools. We aim to strengthen a generation of readers and writers. To achieve these goals, the Reading and Writing Project supports teachers, administrators, and school change agents with professional development, curriculum, and instructional methods. TCRWP reading workshops are structured to allow for students to read (eyes on print) every day for 3. Volume is vigilantly watched. There is research evidence which suggests that volume of reading is linked to attaining higher- order literacy proficiencies (Allington, 2. Brozo et al, 2. 00. Cipielewski & Stanovich, 1. Anderson, Wilson, and Fielding (1. They found that the amount of time reading was the best predictor of reading achievement, including a child’s growth as a reader from the second to the fifth grade. More recently, in her article, Independent Reading and School Achievement, Cullinan (2. The review concludes that independent reading, defined as the reading students choose to do, supports learning and school achievement. Providing students with protected reading time is necessary in order to support their growth in reading. In addition to providing students research- supported protected time to read, TCRWP practices are also aligned with the research base supporting the notion that students should be reading texts they can read independently, with at least 9. Teachers re- assess (often with informal running records) in independent reading novels and many schools conduct more formal running records least 3- 4 times a year. Teachers closely monitor both reading volume and progress up levels. Multiple studies have found specifically that matching readers to texts supports growth in reading. For example, Ehri, Dreyer, Flugman, and Gross (2. English Language Learners and after tracking the daily oral reading accuracy of the students, found that students who were tutored by a certified teacher made greater gains than students tutored by a paraprofessional and that . There is little research available, however, to support the idea of readers reading texts which are too challenging for them. The authors review research on text complexity and learning to read and come away with two major conclusions: 1.) increasing the complexity of texts as the best way to increase reading achievement (as recommended by the CCSS) lacks a base in available evidence from research and 2.) a number of research studies have shown that texts used for instruction that can be read with at least 9. The authors conclude by contending that in order for students to become proficient readers, they must read texts which match their independent reading levels. To progress as readers, readers must have ample time to read a lot and they must have texts they can read independently. The following are some of the sources we recommend consulting to learn more about the research in this area: Allington, R. L. Mc. Cuiston, K & Billen, M. The Reading Teacher, pp. More and more parents are waiting an extra year to enroll their child in kindergarten. Is a late start a smarter start? Private, K-8, WASC accredited, co-educational preparatory school. Find admissions, program, faculty, activities, FAQs, photo galleries and visitor information. Summer Journal Keeping and Writing for Kids 27 Halloween Writing Prompts for Kids 50 New Year’s Writing Ideas. By the end of kindergarten, most kids can recognize and write letters, can read some words and simple books. Learn how to encourage your kindergartner to read. Through reading, music, and discussion, kindergarteners review what they've learned during the school year. The lesson culminates with a ceremony program. What really matters for struggling readers: Designing research- based programs (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Anderson, R. C., Wilson, P. T., & Fielding, L. Growth in reading and how children spend their time outside of school. Reading Research Quarterly, 2. Brozo, W. G., Shiel, G. Engagement in reading: Lessons learned from three PISA countries. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 5. Cipielewski, J., & Stanovich, K. E. Predicting growth in reading ability from children’s exposure to print. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 5. Cullinan, B. Independent reading and school achievement. School Library Media Research, 3, 1- 2. Ehri, L. C., Dreyer, L. G., Flugman, B., & Gross, A. Reading Rescue: An effective tutoring intervention model for language minority students who are struggling readers in first grade. American Educational Research Journal, 4. Hiebert, E. H. Revisiting silent reading: New directions for teachers and researchers. Newark, D. E.: International Reading Association. Moss, B. Creating lifelong readers through independent reading. International Reading Association. Guthrie, J. T. Motivating students to read: Evidence for classroom practices that increase motivation and achievement. Chhabra (Eds.), The voice of evidence in reading research (pp. Baltimore: Paul Brookes. O. Journal of Educational Psychology, 9. Supporting students in building a knowledge- base through nonfiction reading. The TCRWP curriculum is designed in alignment with the research base on students reading to learn to gain knowledge. The reading curriculum offers students a balance of reading literature and informational texts throughout the year. In addition, multiple reading units, such as Historical Fiction Book Clubs, Interpretation Text Sets, Social Issues Book Clubs: Applying Analytical Lenses Across Literature and Informational Texts, and others, provide opportunities to read across genres within a unit. The curriculum for these units supports students in learning to grasp major ideas and concepts as well as information and related to specific topics through focused studies. Moreover, these units, as all units, also support students in reading to acquire and use both academic vocabulary and domain- specific vocabulary. Students reading to gain knowledge—about the world as well as about vocabulary and spelling—has a strong research base. One of several research studies that provides evidence for this is Cunningham and Stanovich. Such rich- get- richer (and their converse, Table 7 poor- get- poorer) effects are becoming of increasing concern to educational practitioners (Adams, 1. Chall, 1. 98. 9). Cunningham and Stanovich (1. A similar study conducted by Krashen found that, . For more information about students reading nonfiction to gain knowledge, these are some of the sources we recommend reading: Anderson, J. Effects of prior knowledge on memory for new information. Memory & Cognition, 9, 2. Cunningham, A. Tracking the unique effects of print exposure in children: Associations with vocabulary, general knowledge, and spelling. Journal of Educational Psychology 8. Reading Comprehension Requires Knowledge . American Educator, 2. Retrieved from http: //www. AE. We acquire vocabulary and spelling by reading: Additional evidence for the Input Hypothesis. Modern Language Journal 7. Effect of prior knowledge on good and poor readers. Journal of Educational Psychology. Where does knowledge come from? Specific associations between print exposure and information acquisition. Journal of Educational Psychology 8. That is, instead of assigning students tasks to complete during reading workshop, the TCRWP stands behind the mountains of research that supports teaching students. In Dole, Brown and Trathen. Duke and Pearson (2. Strategies are not to be used singly. Rather, good readers use multiple strategies constantly. There are additional reviews of literature and studies below that further suggest the importance of teaching student comprehension skills and strategies to support reading progress. Allington, R. Phi Delta Kappan, 8. Almasi, J. F., Garas, K., & Shanahan, L. Qualitative research and the report of the National Reading Panel: No methodology left behind? Elementary School Journal. Dole, J. Moving from the old to the new: Research on reading comprehension instruction. Review of Educational Research, 6. Dole, J. The effects of strategy instruction on the comprehension performance of at. Reading research quarterly, 3. Duke, N. Effective practices for developing reading comprehension. What research has to say about reading instruction, 3, 2. Kamil, M. L. Vocabulary and Comprehension Instruction. Chhabra (Eds.), The voice of evidence in reading research (p. Baltimore: Paul Brookes. Kim, W., Linan- Thompson, S., & Misquitta, R. Critical factors in reading comprehension instruction for students with learning disabilities: A research synthesis. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 2. Guthrie, J. Differentiating instruction for struggling readers within the CORI classroom. Perencevich (Eds.), Motivating reading comprehension: Concept- Oriented Reading Instruction (pp. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Mastropieri, M. Best practices in promoting reading comprehension in students with learning disabilities. Remedial & Special Education, 1. Pearson, P. D., & Fielding, L. Comprehension instruction. Pearson (Eds.), Handbook of reading research: Volume II (pp. White Plains, NY: Longman. Pressley, M., & Block, C. Summing up: What comprehension instruction could be. Pressley (Eds.), Comprehension instruction: Research- based best practices (pp. New York: Guilford Press. Emphasizing the Value of Interactive Read Aloud. Reading aloud is the best way we have to immerse children in the glories of reading, showing both how and why one reads. For this reason, interactive read alouds are the lifeblood of TCRWP classrooms. In most TCRWP classrooms, although texts are read aloud throughout the day for multiple purposes, there is one time, several days a week, that children refer to as read- aloud time, and this is an instructional, interactive read- aloud. This is often at an entirely different time than the reading workshop—and it generally lasts at least twenty minutes and often more like half an hour. Interactive read alouds are also conducted across the curriculum—during social studies, for example, when appropriate. The interactive read aloud provides students with opportunities to talk and respond to texts, fosters a love of reading, and gives them additional opportunities to practice learned skills and strategies. It also provides teachers with opportunities to demonstrate and model through think alouds the practices, strategies and habits of proficient readers. The research is clear that reading aloud to children has enormous benefits for their intellectual and academic growth. Live in FSX, Zakynthos Zante XThe Zante X scenery (2. But, bad luck, it was launched at the same time that Larnaca, Holidays airports, Mega Munich and Olso etc, during the october rush. The scene covers 2. Zante airport, Zakynthos city and the montain Skopos, improved by a special mesh. The main terminal is brought out by very interesting photo- real textures, giving a crazy in- depth optical illusion. Everything is smooth (full autogen is suggested) and the ground textures are very effective, especially the tires marks on the runway. Live In Fsx team, on its forum, is showing a first video of its next airport ground textures. Corfu is on the way, we will be patient. Oh, one more thing. There are some birds (again !) in the sky, around Zante X. So, i am going to open a blog on virtual birds ornithology in FS world. FSX - Live in FSX - Rhodes Extreme & LGRP : Other. 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